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My talk • My contributions • Sandbox • My email • India • My autograph book • India-related topics notice board • Spoken articles • Quiz • Portals • India • UN • Chess • Dogs • Contents • Keyboard shortcuts • MCB • WP:SHORT • My userboxes • CHU • 3O • RfC • FAC • RfA • DYK • RC • New pages (skip) • Help • Village Pump • Welcoming Committee • Recent Changes Patrol • VandalProof • Be bold • Don't bite the newcomers • Five pillars • Beware of the tigers • Amnesia test • Signatures Welcome to Nirajrm's (Niraj) userpage Today is Sunday, April 20, 2025, 19:41 (UTC/GMT). Picture of the day Trou au Natron is a volcanic caldera in the Tibesti Massif in northern Chad. The volcano is extinct, and it is unknown when it last erupted. Trou au Natron is located just south-east of Toussidé, the westernmost volcano of the Tibesti Mountains. The caldera has an irregular diameter of approximately 6 to 8 kilometres (4 to 5 miles) and is up to 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) deep. Because of its irregular shape, it has been theorized that the caldera was formed as a result of multiple massive explosions, each of which deepened the enormous pit. Its exact period of formation is unconfirmed, although a Pleistocene formation has been suggested. Much of the surface of the caldera is lined with a white crust of carbonate salts such as sodium carbonate and natrolite, known as natron, leading to the caldera's name, literally 'hole of natron' in French. This crust is sometimes known as the Tibesti Soda Lake. Both the slopes and the floor of the caldera contain thick layers of fossilized aquatic gastropods and diatoms, indicating that it was once home to a deep lake. This satellite image of Trou au Natron was taken in 2008 from the International Space Station, at an altitude of around 352 kilometres (219 miles). The white crust can be seen at the bottom of the caldera.Photograph credit: NASA Tip of the day... Explore Wikipedia's contents Wikipedia contains a number of content navigation systems to help you browse the encyclopedia. They serve as an alternative to the search box, and are especially useful when you do not know exactly what you are looking for, or for when you want to see everything on a particular subject. There are overviews of various topics as well as outlines and lists. If you to prefer you can browse through timelines, featured content and featured articles. Prior tip – Tips library – Next tip Become a Wikipedia tipster To add this auto-updating template to your user page, use {{totd}} "The game of chess is not merely an idle amusement; several very valuable qualities of the mind are to be acquired and strengthened by it, so as to become habits ready on all occasions; for life is a kind of chess." — American philosopher, scientist, and author Benjamin Franklin